【成人自考】【英语词汇学】【00832】2019年04月考试真题

(1).Which of the following CANNOT be defined as a word?

A.for
B.fortune
C.mis
D.misfortune

正确答案C

(2).Words or forms that were once in common use but are now restricted only to specialized or limited use are ____

A.slang
B.argot
C.neologisms
D.archaisms

正确答案D

(3).Words like foot or dog can each be used alone, and at the same time can form new words with other roots and affixes, e.g. footage and dogfight. This shows that the basic word stock has the characteristics of____

A.productivity 
B.polysemy
C.collocability
D.stability

正确答案A

(4).After the Romans, the Germanic tribes called Angles Saxons, and Jutes came and dominated the British Isles. Now people generally refer to Anglo-Saxon as____ English.

A.Old
B.New
C.Middle
D.Modern

正确答案A

(5).Which of the following is NOT true?

A.English is more closely related to German than French.
B.Old English was a highly inflected language.
C.Modern English is considered to be an analytic language.
D.In early Middle English period, English, Latin, and Celtic existed side by side.

正确答案D

(6).In the early Modern English, Europe saw a new upsurge of learning ancient Greek and Roman classics. This is known in history as____

A.Industrialization
B.Elizabethan Age
C.Renaissance
D.Victorian Age

正确答案C

(7).Some morphemes are realized by more than one morph according to their position in a word. Such alternative morphs are known as____

A.stems
B.allomorphs
C.free morphemes 
D.bound morphemes

正确答案B

(8).Among the following words,____ does NOT have inflectional affixes.

A.liked
B.children's
C.happier
D.it's

正确答案D

(9).The basic form of a word which can't be further analyzed without total loss of identity is a____

A.morph
B.allomorph
C.root
D.stem

正确答案C

(10).The following words have number prefixes EXCEPT____

A.bilingual
B.multi-purpose 
C.tricycle
D.post-election

正确答案D

(11).The following words are the results from blending EXCEPT____

A.bicycle
B.motel
C.smog
D.hamburger

正确答案A

(12).The process of forming new words by joining the initial letters of names of social and political organizations or special noun phrases and technical terms is called____

A.prefixation
B.acronymy 
C.blending
D.conversion

正确答案B

(13).The____ of an expression is its place in a system of semantic relationship with other expressions in the language.

A.reference
B.concept
C.sense
D.motivation

正确答案C

(14).Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A.Collocation can affect the meaning of words.
B.Motivation explains why a particular form has a particular meaning.
C.By etymological motivation, we mean that the meaning of a particular word is related to its origin.
D.The connotative meaning is also known as connotations, which are generally found in the dictionary.

正确答案D

(15).In the phrasethe tongues of fire", the word tongues is____ motivated.

A.onomatopoeically
B.morphologically
C.semantically
D.etymologically

正确答案C

(16).Words like dear that means a loved person and deer that means kind of animal are called____

A.synonyms
B.homographs
C.homophones
D.antonyms

正确答案C

(17).Which of the following deals with the relationship of semantic opposition?

A.Synonymy.
B.Antonymy.
C.Polysemy. 
D.Hyponymy.

正确答案B

(18).Which of the following groups of words shows difference of synonyms in connotation?

A.increase-expand 
B.unlike-dissimilar 
C.work-toil 
D.empty-vacant

正确答案B

(19).The word disease once meant discomfort but now means illness. This is an example of____ of word-meaning.

A.generalization
B.degradation
C.elevation
D.specialization

正确答案D

(20).The word silly used to mean happy, but now means foolish. This serves as an example of____ of word-meaning

A.extension
B.narrowing
C.elevation
D.degradation

正确答案D

(21).The associated transfer of meaning is often due to ____factors, as is shown in such words as angel, martyr and paradise, whose meanings are elevated because of the influence of Christianity.

A.class
B.scientific
C.historical 
D.psychological

正确答案D

(22).Grammatical context refers to the context where the meanings of a word may be influenced by the____ in which it occurs.

A.meaning group 
B.structure
C.conversation 
D.culture

正确答案B

(23).That trade union means differently in western countries and in China shows that____ context has some effect on the meaning of words.

A.grammatical
B.lexical
C.linguistic 
D.extra-linguistic

正确答案D

(24).Ambiguity often arises due to____， as is shown in the sentence"He is a hard business."

A.polysemy
B.synonymy
C.antonymy 
D.homonomy

正确答案A

(25).The idiom Jack of all trades means the same as Jack of all trades and master of none. This example shows idioms may vary by means of____

A.shortening
B.addition
C.replacement 
D.position-shifting

正确答案A

(26).The noun phrase pepper and salt in "His hair is pepper and salt"functions as an idiom____ in nature.

A.nominal
B.verbal
C.adverbial
D.adjectival

正确答案D

(27).The rhetorical feature of idioms,____ is used in such idioms as"chop and change", "bag and baggage

A.rhyme
B.alliteration
C.reiteration 
D.juxtaposition

正确答案B

(28).Dictionaries that are medium-sized ones containing words ranging from 50,000 to 150,000 are____

A.unabridged dictionaries
B.desk dictionaries
C.pocket dictionaries
D.specialized dictionaries

正确答案B

(29).The definitions in____ are all in full sentences and the definition itself throws light on the grammatical use of the word in question.

A.Collins COBUILD English Language Dictionary(1987)
B.Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English, New Edition(1987)
C.Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary, 3rd Edition(1980)
D.Webster's New World Dictionary, 2nd College Edition(1980)

正确答案A

(30).One can only find the English equivalents for its Chinese items such as黄粱美梦,吃软不吃硬 in____

A.CCELD
B.CED
C.LDCE
D.NECD

正确答案B

(31).What is the difference between a free root and a bound root?

Free roots are free momphemes which have complete meanines in themselves and can be used as free grammmatical units in sentences A bound root is the part of the word that carries the fundamental meaning just like a free root. Unlike a free root. it is a bound form and has to combine with other morphemes to make words.

(32).Give the acronyms of the following phrases:
1) Voice of America
2)unidentified flying object
3)teaching English as a foreign language
4) Victory Day
5)tuberculosis

1) VOA
2)UFO
3) TEFL
4)V-Day
5)TB

(33).How do you understand the statement"true synonymy is non-existent"?

Absolute true synonyms. also known as complete synonyms, are one type of synonyms. They are words that are identical in meaning in all its aspects, i.e. both in grammatical meaning and lexical meaning. including conceptual and associative meanings. Synonyms of this type are interchangeable in every way. It is observed that absolute synonyms are rare in natural languages and some hold that such synonyms are non-existent.

(34).Explain how context clues are used in the sentence"Perhaps the most startling theory to come out of kinesics, the study of body movement, was suggested by Professor Bird Whistell".

Definition is the context clue in this sentence. Often we find that the author gives formal definition immediately after the new term. In this sentence, the study of body movement is the definition of kinesics, which makes the meaning of the new word clear.

(35).Use the following groups of phrases to illustrate the definition and the overlapping feature of collocative meaning.
a) pretty girl, pretty flower, handsome boy, handsome car.
b)pretty woman, handsome woman

Collocative meaning consists of the associations a word acquires in its collocation. In other words. it is that part of the word-meaning suggested by the words beforeor after the word in discussion. Pretry and handsome share the conceptual meaning of "good-looking", but are distinguished by the range of nouns they collocate with, such as pretty girl, prett' flower. handsome boy, handsome car. It may be noted that there is some overlap between the collocations of the two words, such as pretry woman and handsome woman. Though both are correct, yet they suggest a different kind of attractiveness. A pretty woman stresses the attractiveness of facial features while handsome woman may not be facially beautiful, yet is attractive in other respects: a slender figure, posture, behavior. etc.

(36).Comment on the following two groups to illustrate the use of antonyms. (a)give and take, high and low. (b)More haste, less speed./ Easy come, easy go.

Antonyms are useful in enabling us to express economically the opposite of a particular thought, often for the sake of contrast. Many idioms are formed with antonyms. Group (a)is such an example. These idioms look neat and pleasant, and sound rhythmic. Antonyms are often used to form antithesis to achieve emphasis by puttin ng contrasting ideas together. Proverbs and sayings provide us with good examples, such as examples in Group(b).

(37).A word is a____ that stands for something else in the world, and there is no logical relationship between the sound and the meaning.

symbol

(38).The introduction of____into England marked the beginning of Modern English period.

printing

(39).The morpheme is the____ functioning unit in the composition of words

smallest

(40).To shorten longer word by cutting a part off the original and using what remains instead is called____

clipping

(41).____, which is beyond language, is the result of human cognition, reflecting the objective world in the human mind.

Concept

(42).A____ field is a meaning area where words share the same concept.

semantic

(43).Extension of meaning is found in many____ terms, as is shown in the word feedback, which originally is a term in computer science, but now is generalized to mean"response"

technical

(44).The word paper has a number of meanings in the dictionary, but it means differently in" a white paper"and "today's paper". This example shows that____ context affects the meaning of word.

lexical

(45).Many idioms are grammatically____ as is shown in the idiom "diamond cut diamond", which is grammatically incorrect.

unanalysable

(46).The main body of a dictionary is its____ of words.

definitions

(47).semantic change

Semantic change means an old form takes on a new meaning to meet the new need. This creates many more new usages of the words.

(48).affixation

Affixation is generally defined as the formation of words by adding word-forming or derivational affixes to stems.

(49).concatenation

Concatenation refers to the semantic process in which the meaning of a word moves gradually away from its first sense by successive shifts until there is not a sign of connection between the sense/until in the end the original meaning is totally lost.

(50).context (in a broad sense)

In broad sense. context includes the physical situation as well. It is also known as extra-linguistic or non-linguistic context, which embraces the people, time, place, and even the whole cultural background.

(51).sentence idioms

Sentence idioms are complete sentences, which are mainly proverbs and sayings, including colloquialisms and catchphrases.

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