【成人自考】【现代语言学】【00830】2018年10月考试真题

(1).According to F. de Saussure, ___________refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all members of a speech community.

A.competence
B.performance
C.langue
D.parole

(2).The English sound [u:] is a___________.

A.close vowel
B.semi-close vowel
C.semi-open vowel
D.open vowel

(3).Which of the following factors is NOT a learner factor?

A.Acculturation
B.Personality
C.Interaction
D.Motivation

(4).The words “take” and “table” are called___________because they can occur unattached.

A.free morphemes
B.bound morphemes
C.form words
D.inflectional morphemes

(5).What can be drawn safely from the case of Genie is that ___________.

A.it confirms the critical period hypothesis
B.human’s language acquisition device is independent of other intellectual abilities
C.language cannot be acquired at all after the critical period
D.the language faculty of an average human degenerates after the critical period and, as a result, most linguistic skills cannot develop

(6).Constituents that can be substituted for one another without loss of grammaticality belong to the same___________.

A.syntactic category
B.phonological category
C.morphological category
D.semantic category

(7).Sociolinguistics is primarily concerned with the social significance of language ___________and language use in different speech communities.

A.variation
B.change
C.structure
D.Form

(8).In semantic analysis of a sentence, the basic unit is called___________, which is the abstraction of the meaning of a sentence.

A.predication
B.predicate
C.argument
D.Sense

(9).The notion of ___________ is essential to the pragmatic study of language.

A.utterance
B.sentence
C.context
D.speech act

(10).The first and most widely investigated language family of the world is___________

A.the Sino-Tibetan Family
B.the Indo-European Family
C.the Austronesian Family
D.the Afroasiatic Family

(11).Cultural t___________means that language can be passed on from one generation to the next through teaching and learning, rather than by instinct.

transmission

(12).When pitch, stress, and sound length are tied to the sentence rather than the word in isolation, they are collectively known as i___________.

intonation

(13).Language acquisition is concerned with language d ___________in humans.

development

(14).Semantically, the meaning of a compound is often i ___________, not always being the sum total of the meanings of its components.

idiomatic

(15).The relationship between the name and the meaning of a word is quite a___________.

arbitrary

(16).Syntactic movement is dictated by rules traditionally called t___________ rules, whose operation may change the syntactic representation of a sentence.

transformational

(17).A creole language is originally a p ___________that has become established as a native language in some speech community.

pidgin

(18).P___________ refers to the phenomenon that the same word may have more than one meaning.

Polysemy

(19).If one contributes more information than is required in a conversation, he/she violates the maxim of q___________.

quantity

(20).Many of the most basic terms in the English language originate from O___________English.

Old

(21).The description of a language at some point in time is a diachronic study.

F

(22). are two dental fricatives in English.

T

(23).Although there are individual differences in onset and rate of language development, children across cultures follow the same order of language development.

T

(24).“Plural” is a morpheme.

T

(25).Language is the only means for thought.

F

(26).Parameters are syntactic options of UG that allow general principles to operate in one way or another and contribute to significant linguistic variations between and among natural languages.

T

(27).A regional dialect is usually spoken by a group of people living in the same community.

F A regional dialect is usually spoken by a group of people living in the same <>region

(28).Contextualism is based on the presumption that one can derive meaning from or reduce meaning to observable contexts.

T

(29).The two sentences “Tom smokes.” and “Tom is smoking.”have the same predication.

T

(30).Modern linguistics regards the written language as primary, not the spoken.

F Modern linguistics regards the<> spoken language as primary, not the <>written

(31).duality

language is a system, which consists of two sets of structures, or two levels. At the lower level there is a structure of sounds, which are meaningless. But the sounds of language can be grouped into a large number of units of meaning such as morphemes, words, which are found at the higher level of the system.

(32).word stress

When we say that a certain syllabic is stressed of a word, we mean that the syllable is pronounced with greater force than the others.

(33).second language acquisition （SLA）

The development of a second or third foreign language (L2) is called second language acquisition.

(34).stem

the existing form to which a derivational affix can be added is called a stem. A stem can be a bound root, a free morpheme or a derived form itself.

(35).cerebral plasticity

Cerebral palsticity refers to the neurological flexibility which enables one cerebral hemisphere of the brain to take over the function of the other if it is damaged, prior to the time of completion of the lateralization process.

(36).AUX-movement

The movement of an auxiliary verb to the sentence-initial position, such as “be”, “have”, “do”, “will”, “can” and “should”.

(37).speech community

A speech community is a group of people who form a community and share the same language or a particular variety of language.

(38).sense

Sense is concerned with the inherent meaning of the linguistic form. It is the collection of all the features of the linguistic form; it is abstract and de-contextualized.

(39).pragmatics

The study of how speakers of a language use sentences to effect successful communication.

(40).historical linguistics

The study of ongoing changes that languages have undergone is called historical linguistics.

(41).Name and describe 5 of the core branches of linguistics.

(1) Phonetics: the study of sounds used in linguistic communication.(2) Phonology: how sounds are put together and used to convey meaning in communication.(3) Morphology: the study of the way in which the symbols are arranged to form words.(4) Syntax: the study of the rules of how words are combined to form permissible sentences in a language.(5) Semantics: the study of meaning.(6) Pragmatics: The study of meaning in the context of use.

(42).How are semantics and pragmatics related, and how do they differ?

(1) Semantics and pragmatics are two branches of linguistics.(2) Both are linguistic studies of meaning.(3) In semantics, meaning of language is considered as something intrinsic, and inherent. The meanings of words, meanings of sentences are all studied in an isolated manner, detached from the context in which they are used. Semantics is mainly concerned with the meanings of words and sentences in isolation.(4) In pragmatics, the context of language used is considered. The real situations of communication, the knowledge shared by the speaker and the hearer must be included. Pragmatics is mainly concerned with the meanings of utterances (sentences used in context), the intended meanings of the speaker in uttering sentences in contexts.

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